NOUNS DERIVATION
Nouns derivation merujuk pada pada awalan (preffix) dan akhiran (suffix) pada noun. Imbuhan ini membentuk abstract nouns. Abstract noun merupakan kata yang menggambarkan kejadian, waktu, dan kualitas. Abstract nouns dapat dibentuk dari adjectives, verbs or nouns.
Perhatikan kalimat berikut:
- All of information is set up on announcement board.
- Most of teachers still need knowledge of education.
(Kata information, announcement, teachers, dan eduaction dikelompokan pada kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja yaitu inform, announce, teach dan educate. Kata information merupakan pembentukan kata inform + ation. Kata announcement merupakan pembentukan kata announce + ment. Sementara kata teacher dari kata teach + er. Sedangkan kata education dari kata educate + tion. ).
Berikut ini merupakan suffix yang terbentuk dari verb menjadi noun:
| Verb | Suffix | Noun |
| advertise: mengiklankan | -ment | advertisement: iklan |
| expect: mengharap | -ion, -tion, -ation | expectation: harapan |
| enter: memasuki | –ance, – ence | enterance: jalan masuk |
| complain: mengeluh | –t | complaint: keluhan |
| discover: menemukan | -y | discovery: penemuan |
| direct: memimpin | -er, -or, -ar, -ist, -ant, – ent, -ee | director: direktur |
| pack: membungkus | –age, -al | package: bungkusan |
| rob: merampok | -ery, -ary | robbery: perampokan |
| please: menyenangkan | -ure, -ture, -ature | pleasure: kesenangan |
| build: membangun | -ing | building: bangunan |
Ada beberapa abstract noun tanpa perubahan, seperti:
| Verb | Noun |
| call: memanggil | call: panggilan |
| change: menukar | change: penukaran |
| drink: minum | drink: minuman |
| help: menolong | help: pertolongan |
| hope: mengharap | hope: harapan |
| play: bermain | play: mainan |
| work: bekerja | work: pekerjaan |
| walk: berjalan | walk: perjalanan |
Exercise 1:
Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary. Do as example.
| No | Verb | Noun | Meaning |
| 1 | to analyze | analysis | analisis |
| 2 | to obligate | ….. | ….. |
| 3 | to advise | ….. | ….. |
| 4 | to add | ….. | ….. |
| 5 | to err | ….. | ….. |
| 6 | to suggest | ….. | ….. |
| 7 | to economize | ….. | ….. |
| 8 | to comprehend | ….. | ….. |
| 9 | to apply | ….. | ….. |
| 10 | to use | ….. | ….. |
| 11 | to stop | ….. | ….. |
| 12 | to believe | ….. | ….. |
| 13 | to block | ….. | ….. |
| 14 | to marry | ….. | ….. |
| 15 | to bite | ….. | ….. |
| 16 | to own | ….. | ….. |
| 17 | to preside | ….. | ….. |
| 18 | to assist | ….. | ….. |
| 19 | to rent | ….. | ….. |
| 20 | to propose | ….. | ….. |
| 21 | to pass | ….. | ….. |
Beberapa suffixes yang dibentuk dari adjectives menjadi nouns:
| Adjective | Suffix | Noun |
| bad: buruk | -ness | badness: keburukan |
| honest: jujur | –y, -ty, -ity | honesty: kejujuran |
| efficient: efisien | -ce, -cy | efficiency: keefisienan |
| correct: baik | -ion | correction: perbaikan |
Terdapat beberapa irregular adjectives membentuk nouns:
| Adjective | Noun |
| deep: dalam | depth: kedalaman |
| long: panjang | length: kepanjangan |
| proud: bangga | pride: kebanggaan |
| poor: miskin | poverty: kemiskinan |
| true: benar | truth: kebenaran |
Exercise 2:
Complete the following list and find the meaning of words in your dictionary. Do as example.
| No | Adjective | Noun | Meaning |
| 1 | good | goodness | kebaikan |
| 2 | ….. | glory | ….. |
| 3 | ….. | capability | ….. |
| 4 | ….. | stability | ….. |
| 5 | ….. | elegance | ….. |
| 6 | ….. | absence | ….. |
| 7 | ….. | freedom | ….. |
| 8 | ….. | heat | ….. |
| 9 | ….. | truth | ….. |
| 10 | ….. | efficiency | ….. |
| 11 | ….. | independence | ….. |
| 12 | ….. | speed | ….. |
| 13 | ….. | beauty | ….. |
| 14 | ….. | safety | ….. |
| 15 | ….. | activity | ….. |
Berikut ini terdapat beberapa suffixes dari nouns yang juga merujuk pada nouns:
| Noun | Suffixe | Noun |
| friend: sahabat | -ship | friendship: persahabatan |
| brother: saudara | -hood | brotherhood: persahabatan |
| book: buku | -let | booklet: buku kecil |
| agent: wakil; agen | -cy | agency: perwakilan |
| library: perpustakaan | –an, -ian | librarian: pustakawan |
Exercise 3:
Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary. Do as example.
| No. | Nouns | Nouns | Meaning |
| 1 | child | childhood | masa kecil |
| 2 | leader | ….. | ….. |
| 3 | sponsor | ….. | ….. |
| 4 | colony | ….. | ….. |
| 5 | Indonesia | ….. | ….. |
| 6 | Journal | ….. | ….. |
| 7 | class | ….. | ….. |
| 8 | history | ….. | ….. |
| 9 | mother | ….. | ….. |
| 10 | partner | ….. | ….. |
| 11 | relation | ….. | ….. |
Exercise 4:
The following list shows some of the more frequent prefixes, and indicates the typical meaning signaled by each prefix. Find the meaning of them. You may open your dictionary.
| No | Prefixes | Nouns | Meaning |
| 1 | anti- | antibody, anticlimax | antibodi, antiklimaks |
| 2 | arch- | arch-enemy, archbishop | musuh utama, uskup besar |
| 3 | auto- | autobiography, autograph | ….. ….. |
| 4 | bi- | bicentenary, bilingualism | ….. ….. |
| 5 | bio- | biochemistry, biomass | ….. ….. |
| 6 | co- | co-chairman, co-founder | ….. ….. |
| 78 | counter- | counteraction, counterclaim | ….. ….. |
| 9 | dis- | disbelief, discomfort | ….. ….. |
| 10 | ex- | ex-Marxism, ex-student | ….. ….. |
| 11 | fore- | forefront, foreknowledge | ….. ….. |
| 12 | hyper- | hyperinflation | ….. ….. |
| 13 | im- | impatience | ….. ….. |
| 14 | in- | inattention | ….. ….. |
| 15 | inter- | interaction, intermarriage | ….. ….. |
| 16 | kilo- | kilobyte, kilowatt | ….. ….. |
| 17 | mal- | malfunction, malnutrition | ….. ….. |
| 18 | mega- | megawatt, megastar | ….. ….. |
| 19 | mini- | minibus, mini-publication | ….. ….. |
| 20 | mis- | misconduct, mismatch | ….. ….. |
| 21 | mono- | monopoly, monosyllable | ….. ….. |
| 22 | neo- | neomarxist, neo-colonialism | ….. ….. |
| 23 | non- | nonpayment, non-specialist | ….. ….. |
| 24 | out- | outpatient, outbuilding | ….. ….. |
| 25 | poly- | polysyllable, polytheism | ….. ….. |
| 26 | re- | re-election, reorganization | ….. ….. |
| 27 | semi- | semicircle, semi-darkness | ….. ….. |
| 28 | sub- | subgroup, subset | ….. ….. |
| 29 | super- | superhero, supermarket | ….. ….. |
| 30 | tele- | telephone, telescope | ….. ….. |
| 31 | tri- | tricycle | ….. ….. |
| 32 | ultra- | ultrasound | ….. ….. |
| 33 | under- | underclass, underachievement | ….. ….. |
| 34 | vice- | vice-chairman, vice-president | ….. ….. |
Sumber: Zulfahmi. M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta
