Tag: Noun

English for Hotel – International Alphabet, Telling Number and Time

Theme: Reservation

Focus: Grammar

A. International Spelling Alphabet

Spelling alphabet is used to provide correct information between people with a different language background. To spell a complicated name correctly, spelling alphabet can be used to make it clearer especially on the phone. There are several spelling alphabets, but the most widely used one is the Nato phonetic alphabet, which is also used in aviation, for example, between a pilot and the control tower.

AforAlphaNforNovember
BforBravoOforOscar
CforCharliePforPapa
DforDeltaQforQuebec
EforEchoRforRomeo
FforFoxtrotSforSierra
GforGolfTforTango
HforHotelUforUniform
IforIndiaVforVictor
JforJulietWforWhiskey
KforKiloXforZ-ray
LforLimaYforYankee
MforMikeZforZulu

B. Telling Numbers

For dates with the month and day, we usually use the cardinal number in writing. However, when telling dates we always use the ordinal number in speaking.

  • 1st         = the first           
  • 3st         =the third           
  • 4th         =the fourth       
  • 5th         =the fifth            
  • 6th         =the sixth           
  • 7th         =the seventh    
  • 8th         =the eighth       
  • 9th         =the ninth          
  • 10th       =the tenth         
  • 11th       =the eleventh  
  • 12th       =the twelfth     
  • 13th       =the thirteenth               
  • 14th       =the fourteenth              
  • 15th       =the fifteenth  
  • 16th       =the sixteenth 
  • 17th       =the seventh
  • 19th       =the nineteenth
  • 20th       =the twentieth
  • 21st        =the twenty-first
  • 30th       =the thirtieth
  • 32nd      =the thirty-second
  • 40th       =the fortieth
  • 43rd       =the forty-third
  • 50th       =the fiftieth
  • 60th       =the sixtieth
  • 70th       =the seventieth
  • 80th       =the eightieth
  • 90th       =the ninetieth
  • 100th     =the hundredth
  • 101st     =the one hundred and first

C. Telling dates, months, and years

It is written one of two ways as follows:

1. The US, the date format is month-day-year

  • July 8, 2016 (month, day, comma, year): We say July the eighth/ twenty, sixteen

2. In the UK, the date format is day-month-year

  • 8 July 2016 (day, month, year): We say The eighth of July/ twenty, sixteen

C. Telling telephone number and credit card number

1. When you tell a telephone number, group the number and say each number individually.

  • 081-975-8823: oh eight one, nine seven five, eight eight two three

2. When you repeat back a credit card number to a customer, group the numbers in blocks of four.

  • 3347 4574 8473 8508: double three four seven, four five seven four, eight four seven three, eight five zero eight

Note:

  • US English eight eight, UK English double eight.
  • Use oh or zero for 0.

English for Hotel – Room Types

Theme: Reservation

Facus: Reading-Vocabulary

Room types

  • Single room: A room assigned to one person.
  • Double room: A room assigned to two persons with one double bed.
  • Twin room: A room with two single beds for two persons.
  • Hollywood twin room: A room assigned to two persons with two twin beds joined together by a common headboard.
  • Triple room: A room assigned to three persons and has been fitted with three single beds, or one double bed and one single bed.
  • Family/Quad room: A room that can accommodate four persons and may have two or more beds.
  • Double-double room: A room that can accommodate two to four persons with two twin double or queen-sized beds.
  • Queen room: A room with a queen-sized bed that can accommodate one or more people.
  • King room: A room with a king-sized bed, assigned to one or more people.
  • Studio room: A room with a studio bed, a couch which can be converted into a bed, may also have an additional bed.
  • Suite/Executive suite: A living room connected with one or more bed rooms
  • Junior suite/Mini suite: A single room with a bed and sitting area. The sleeping area is sometimes in a bed room separated from the living room.
  • President suite/Presidential suite: The most expensive room provided by a hotel. Similar to the normal suite. A president suite usually has one or more bedrooms and a living space with grand in-room decorations and supplies, and tailor-made services.
  • Apartments/Room for extended stay: This room type is for long stay guests, usually has kitchen, cooking equipment, dryer, washer, etc. Housekeeping services are only provided once a week or twice a week.
  • Connecting rooms: Rooms with a connecting door, having individual entrance door from the outside. Guests can walk between rooms without going through the hallway.
  • Adjoining rooms: Rooms with a common wall but no connecting door.
  • Adjacent rooms: Rooms close to each other, perhaps across the hall.
  • Murphy room: A room fitted with a sofa bed or a Murphy bed, a bed that fold out of a wall or closet.
  • Accessible room/Disabled room: This type of room is particularly designed for disabled guests.
  • Cabana room: this room type is adjoining to the swimming pool or has a private pool attached to the room.
  • Villa: This type of accommodation is a stand-alone house, fully equipped not only bedrooms and a living room but a private swimming pool, Jacuzzi and balcony. It is suitable for couples, families, and large groups with extra private and space.
  • Executive floor/Floored room: A room which enables convenient access to the executive lounge, usually located on the executive floor. Furthermore, some hotels also provide ―Female executive floors‖ with their rooms assigned to female guests according to safety and security.
  • Smoking/Non-smoking room: Both smoking and non-smoking rooms are provided by many hotels in order to decrease the effects of secondhand smoke exposure on non-smoking guests.

Nouns Derivation (Kata Benda Berimbuhan)

NOUNS DERIVATION 

Nouns derivation merujuk pada pada awalan (preffix)  dan akhiran (suffix) pada noun.  Imbuhan  ini membentuk abstract nouns.  Abstract noun merupakan kata yang menggambarkan kejadian, waktu, dan kualitas.  Abstract nouns dapat dibentuk dari adjectives, verbs or nouns.

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • All of information is set up on announcement board.
  • Most of teachers still need knowledge of education

(Kata information, announcement, teachers, dan eduaction dikelompokan pada kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja yaitu inform, announce, teach dan educate. Kata information merupakan pembentukan kata inform + ation.  Kata announcement merupakan pembentukan kata announce + ment. Sementara kata  teacher dari kata teach + er.  Sedangkan kata education dari kata educate + tion.  ).  

Berikut ini merupakan suffix yang terbentuk dari verb menjadi noun:

VerbSuffixNoun
advertise: mengiklankan -ment advertisement: iklan
expect: mengharap-ion, -tion, -ationexpectation: harapan
enter: memasukiance, – enceenterance: jalan masuk
complain: mengeluht complaint: keluhan
discover: menemukan -y  discovery: penemuan
direct: memimpin-er, -or, -ar, -ist, -ant, – ent, -eedirector: direktur
pack: membungkusage, -al package: bungkusan
rob: merampok-ery, -aryrobbery: perampokan
please: menyenangkan-ure, -ture, -aturepleasure: kesenangan
build: membangun-ing building: bangunan

Ada beberapa abstract noun tanpa perubahan, seperti:

VerbNoun
call: memanggilcall: panggilan
change: menukar change: penukaran
drink: minumdrink: minuman
help: menolonghelp: pertolongan
hope: mengharaphope: harapan
play: bermainplay: mainan
work: bekerjawork: pekerjaan
walk: berjalanwalk: perjalanan

Exercise 1:

Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary.  Do as example.

NoVerbNounMeaning
1to analyzeanalysisanalisis
2to obligate…..…..
3to advise…..…..
4to add…..…..
5to err …..…..
6to suggest…..…..
7to economize…..…..
8to comprehend…..…..
9to apply…..…..
10to use …..…..
11to stop…..…..
12to believe…..…..
13to block…..…..
14to marry …..…..
15to bite…..…..
16to own …..…..
17to preside…..…..
18to assist…..…..
19to rent…..…..
20to propose…..…..
21to pass…..…..

Beberapa suffixes yang dibentuk dari adjectives menjadi nouns:

AdjectiveSuffixNoun
bad: buruk-nessbadness: keburukan
honest: jujury, -ty, -ityhonesty: kejujuran
efficient: efisien-ce, -cyefficiency: keefisienan
correct: baik-ioncorrection: perbaikan

 Terdapat beberapa irregular adjectives membentuk nouns

AdjectiveNoun
deep: dalamdepth: kedalaman
long: panjanglength: kepanjangan
proud: banggapride: kebanggaan
poor: miskinpoverty: kemiskinan
true: benartruth: kebenaran

Exercise 2:

Complete the following list and find the meaning of words in your dictionary. Do as example. 

NoAdjectiveNounMeaning
goodgoodnesskebaikan
2…..glory…..
3…..capability…..
4…..stability…..
5…..elegance…..
6…..absence…..
7…..freedom…..
8…..heat …..
9…..truth…..
10…..efficiency…..
11…..independence…..
12…..speed…..
13…..beauty…..
14…..safety…..
15…..activity…..

Berikut ini terdapat beberapa suffixes dari nouns yang juga merujuk pada nouns:

NounSuffixeNoun
friend: sahabat-shipfriendship: persahabatan
brother: saudara-hoodbrotherhood: persahabatan
book: buku-letbooklet: buku kecil
agent: wakil; agen-cy  agency: perwakilan
library: perpustakaanan, -ian librarian: pustakawan

Exercise 3:

Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary. Do as example. 

No.NounsNounsMeaning
1childchildhoodmasa kecil
2leader…..…..
3sponsor…..…..
4colony…..…..
5Indonesia…..…..
6Journal …..…..
7class…..…..
8history…..…..
9mother…..…..
10partner…..…..
11relation…..…..

Exercise 4:

The following list shows some of the more frequent prefixes, and indicates the typical meaning signaled by each prefix. Find the meaning of them. You may open your dictionary.

NoPrefixesNounsMeaning
1anti-antibody, anticlimaxantibodi, antiklimaks
2arch-arch-enemy, archbishopmusuh utama, uskup besar
3auto-autobiography, autograph….. …..
4bi-bicentenary, bilingualism….. …..
5bio- biochemistry, biomass….. …..
6co- co-chairman, co-founder….. …..
78counter-counteraction, counterclaim….. …..
9dis-disbelief, discomfort….. …..
10ex-ex-Marxism, ex-student….. …..
11fore-forefront, foreknowledge….. …..
12hyper-hyperinflation….. …..
13im-impatience….. …..
14in-inattention….. …..
15inter-interaction, intermarriage….. …..
16kilo-kilobyte, kilowatt….. …..
17mal- malfunction, malnutrition….. …..
18mega-megawatt, megastar….. …..
19mini-minibus, mini-publication….. …..
20mis-misconduct, mismatch….. …..
21mono-monopoly, monosyllable….. …..
22neo-neomarxist, neo-colonialism….. …..
23non-nonpayment, non-specialist….. …..
24out-outpatient, outbuilding….. …..
25poly-polysyllable, polytheism….. …..
26re-re-election, reorganization….. …..
27semi- semicircle, semi-darkness….. …..
28sub-subgroup, subset ….. …..
29super-superhero, supermarket….. …..
30tele-telephone, telescope….. …..
31tri-tricycle….. …..
32ultra-ultrasound….. …..
33under-underclass, underachievement….. …..
34vice-vice-chairman, vice-president….. …..

Sumber: Zulfahmi. M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Singular and Plural Noun (Kata Benda Tunggal dan Kata Benda Jamak)

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

Pelajari kalimat-kalimat berikut:

  • There are thirty students in the class.
  • There are many boxes we need do this.     
  • This college has a complete library

(Kata students merupakan student + s  bermakna ada lebih dari satu student di dalam kelas.  Kata boxes merupakan box + es bermakna lebih dari satu kotak yang dibutuhkan.  Penambahan s/es merupakan ciri khas plural nouns. Sementara kata library tanpa + s bermakna hanya ada satulibrary yang lengkap di kampus yang menyatakan singular nouns.)

Ada beberapa pengecualian tentang penambahan -s pada nouns  dalam pembentukan plural nouns:  

  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, dan –x tambahkan –es (contoh: bus-buses, brush-brushes, box-boxes)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran o diawali dengan huruf vokalmakaditambahkan dengan –s (contoh: radio-radios, patio-patios)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan –y maka berubah menjadi –ies (contoh: city-cities, country-countries), kecuali terdapat huruf vokal sebelumnya (a, e, i, o, u) ditambangkan –s (contoh: boy-boys, day-days, journey-journeys)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan huruf –f maka akan berobah menjadi–ves (contoh: knife-knives, leaf-leaves, wife-wives)

Ada beberapa kata yang tidak mengikuti aturan di atas yang disebut dengan  Irregular Plurals, diantaranya adalah:  

Singular —> Plural

  • child —> children
  • foot —> feet
  • man —> men
  • woman —> women
  • person —> people
  • tooth —> teeth
  • goose —> geese
  • louse —> lice
  • mouse —> mice
  • ox —> oxen

Beberapa nouns lain selalu dalam bentuk plural: scissors, glasses, trousers, jeans, shorts, tights, pyjamas

Exercise 1: 

Change the following nouns into plural form. Use your dictionary for helping. Do as examples:

  • day : days
  • seaman : seamen_  
  1. chief : ……….
  2. attorney : ……….
  3. potato : ……….
  4. spoonful : ……….
  5. valley : ……….
  6. formula : ……….
  7. genus : ……….
  8. addendum : ……….
  9. knife : ……….
  10. laboratory : ……….
  11. vocabulary : ……….
  12. absence : ……….
  13. cupful : ……….
  14. babysitter : ……….
  15. crisis : ……….
  16. diagnosis : ……….
  17. synopsis : ……….
  18. library : ……….
  19. jones : ……….
  20. quota : ……….
  21. datum : ……….
  22. booth : ……….
  23. buzz : ……….
  24. axis : ……….
  25. locus : ……….
  26. sky : ……….
  27. echo : ……….
  28. preference : ……….
  29. life : ……….
  30. loaf : ……….
  31. matrix : ……….
  32. actuary : ……….
  33. basis : ……….
  34. neurosis : ……….
  35. parenthesis : ……….      
  36. privilege : ……….
  37. freshman : ……….
  38. analysis : ……….             
  39. thesis : ……….
  40. chassis : ……….
  41. quantum : ……….
  42. smith : ……….
  43. psychosis : ……….
  44. quantum : ……….
  45. symphony : ……….
  46. ax, axe  : ……….              
  47. secretary : ……….

Exercise 2:

Complete the following sentences by using plural nouns based on nouns in parentheses. Use your dictionary for helping.

  • Mrs. Jones has two   children.  (child)
  • A flock of   geese   just flew overhead. (goose)
  1. Three ………. scurried through the kitchen. (mouse)
  2. Mother cut the sandwich into two ………. . (half)
  3. The dental hygienist cleaned my ……….. (tooth)
  4. The ………. at the bus stop had umbrellas. (woman)
  5. Grandpa sharpened the ………. in the kitchen. (knife)
  6. Those ………. were making a lot of noise. (person)
  7. Mama bought two………. of bread. (loaf)
  8. The ………. were fixing the hole in the street. (man)
  9. I heard a pack of ……….  in the forest. (wolf)
  10. The farmer had a dozen ……….. (sheep)

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Countable and Countabe Nouns (Kata Benda Bisa Dihitung dan Tak Bisa Dihitung)

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable nouns mengacu pada sesuatu yang dapat dihitung baik dalam bentuk singular maupun plural Contoh countable noun adalah a cow, two cows, the student, chair, town, dan lain sebagainya.  Penggunaan article a, an, dan the sangat lazim digabungkan dengan countable noun.

Uncountable nouns mengacu pada sesuatu yang tidak bisa dihitung. Contoh uncountable nouns adalah  any steel, a glass of water, a galon of air, much sugar, dan lain sebagainya.  Penggunaan kata keterangan some, any, a lot of merupakan kata yang selalu digabungkan dengan uncountale noun. Kata keterangan lainnya pada uncountable noun berupa kata keterangan yang menunjukan ukuran volume, misalnya a cup of, a glass of, a kilo of, dan lain sebagainya.  

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • Repeating a new word doesn’t help you remember it for long.           
  • You can write five sentences with the word.  
  • We have spent much money to collect these books.  
  • I need a kilo of sugar to make a cake.            

(Kata word, sentences, cake merupakan kata countable nouns. Penggunaan  article a dan the merupakan ciri khas pada countable noun. Kata money dan sugar merupakan uncountable nouns. Penggunaan kata keterangan much, a kilo of merupakan ciri khas pada uncountable nouns)

Exercise 1: 

Decide the following nouns whether countable or uncountable nouns. Do as examples.

  • television : countable / uncountable
  • money : countable / uncountable
  1. news : countable / uncountable
  2. geography : countable / uncountable
  3. atmosphere : countable / uncountable   
  4. person : countable / uncountable
  5. water : countable / uncountable
  6. pencil : countable / uncountable
  7. food : countable / uncountable
  8. tooth : countable / uncountable
  9. soap : countable / uncountable
  10. soup : countable / uncountable
  11. hydrogen : countable / uncountable
  12. minute : countable / uncountable
  13. sand : countable / uncountable
  14. key : countable / uncountable
  15. money : countable / uncountable

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Mengenali Kata Benda (Nouns) dalam Kalimat

NOUNS

Nouns (kata benda) merupakan kata-kata yang mengacu pada person, place, object, feeling/idea, activity, atau quality. Noun berperan sebagai subject, object atau complement dalam kalimat.

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • Many students study vocabulary by repeating the words.
  • Long-term memory is like a very big library with many books. 
  • A thing of a beauty is a joy forever.  
  • Islam is one of the major world religions.
  • You can also make a picture in your mind with the word.  

(Kata students mengacu pada person. Kata memory, library dan books mengacu pada object. Kata Islam mengacu pada feeling/idea. Sedangkan kata mind mengacu pada place)

Exercise 1:         

Underline nouns and mention whether they are place, object, feeling/idea, activity, or quality. Do as examples.

  • Thedentist check his patient tooth. ___person______
  • The sky seemed to be full of parachutes.   ____place______
  1. Geometry is the study of shapes and configuration. ___________________
  2. My neighbor drives a small car. ________________
  3. The car is old and parked in the yard. ________________
  4. Happiness is the best feeling. ___________________
  5. The boring speech lasted nearly one hour. ___________________
  6. Those pens belong to Anissa. _________________
  7. Is it time to go yet? ____________________
  8. The first mathematics textbooks were written in English in 1540. ___________________
  9. Love makes the world go round. ___________________
  10. Football is often a game of inches. ___________________

Beberapa nouns ditandai dengan penggunaan huruf kapital seperti  Holly Book, Public Library, Indonesia, Muhammad, dan Batusangkar yang disebut dengan proper nouns. Sementara kata-kata seperti  library, book, word, picture, and sentence disebut dengan common nouns kecuali diawal kalimat. Untuk membedakan antara proper nouns dengan common nouns, lakukan latihan dibawah ini.     

Exercise 2:

Complete the following sentences with correct form of nouns in parentheses. Do as examples.

  • Mama and I will go to the ___lake___  next month.   (lake or Lake)
  • Aunt Jo went to __Lake Placid___  for the weekend.   (lake placid, Lake placid or Lake Placid)
  1. We live near the ____________.   (city or City)
  2. My ___________ gave us a homework assignment.  (teacher or Teacher)
  3. Is __________________ a strict teacher?  (mr. brown, Mr. brown or Mr. Brown)
  4. My dog, _____________ likes to play fetch with a tennis ball.  (buster or Buster)
  5. At the zoo, we saw a gorilla named ______________.   (grumpy or Grumpy)
  6. Can we play with the _______________?   (kitten or Kitten)
  7. That girl lives on ___________________.   (adam street, Adam street, or Adam Street)
  8. Most of the houses on my _____________ are made of brick.   (street or Street)
  9. My birthday is next _____________.   (month or Month)
  10. Dad’s birthday is in _______________.   (january or January)

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta