English For Hotel – Changing Reservation Part 1

Theme: Reservations

Focus: Speaking

TASK A

Directions: Read to the conversation between a hotel reservation clerk and a caller and then answer the following questions. (HR = Hotel reservation clerk)

HR: Reservations. Grand Royal Hotel. What can I do for you?

Lisa: Well, I called to book a suite room for Mr. Kim last Monday, but now he has to change something.

HR: Who made the reservation, please?

Lisa: Lisa Megan, his secretary.

HR: Just the moment please. Let me check……Mr. Alfred Kim, a suite room for three nights. That’s the 20th -22nd of May.

Lisa: That‖s right. But now he doesn’t think he can finish his errands before 21st, so he would like to change the arrival date to the 22nd and will leave on the 24th instead.

HR: Well, we have some suite rooms available for the rest of the month. I‖m sure we can give him the same room as requested.

Lisa: Oh, that‖s great. Thank you very much. Goodbye.

HR: My pleasure. Goodbye.

Questions:

  1. Who is the reservation for?
  2. What is changed in the reservation?
  3. When is the guest coming to the hotel?
  4. How long does the guest plan to stay at the hotel?
  5. Why does he change the reservation?

TASK B

Directions: Read to the conversation changing reservations and answer the questions.

HR: Good morning. Grand Hyatt Hotel. Can I be any of assistance?

Richard: Hi, my name is Richard Turner. I’d like to change a reservation, please.

HR: Certainly, Mr. Turner. Do you have the reservation number?

Richard: Yes, it’s GH485HK.

HR: One moment, please. Your reservation is for one double room for two nights, arriving on April 11th.

Richard: Yes, that’s correct. Now we need two rooms for two nights.

HR: Yes, Mr. Turner. I’ve changed that for you. Your reservation number is the same.

Richard: Thank you.

HR: Goodbye.

Richard: Bye.

Questions:

  1. What does Mr. Turner make for the first reservation?
  2. What change does Mr. Turner want to make?
  3. Can the hotel reservation clerk make a change?
  4. Why does the hotel reservation ask for the reservation number?
  5. Is the reservation number changed after changing reservations?

TASK C

Directions: Read  for what the caller want to change in his reservation. Then write down the changes.

Guest 1:

I called to book a room for Friday the 20th of June. But I can’t come as planned. I’d like to change the date to Friday 27th. Would that be all right? The name’s Wood. James Wood.

Guest 2:

Can I change two double rooms to a family room? My husband and I need to stay with our kids.

Guest 3:

I have reserved two double rooms and a single room from the 5th till the 7th of March. Now, I think I need only a double room and a single room for the same date.

Guest 4:

My company has booked two suites from the 10th to the 13th of June. I want to change it to the 10th to the 15th of July instead.

Guest 5:

It’s Mr. Gray’s secretary calling. He has booked a presidential suite with American breakfast at this hotel from the 1st to the 5th of January. Now he has decided he needs the room only from the 1st to the 3rd and the same room with breakfast from the 4th to the 6th of January. That means he’s extending his stay one more night. Will that be possible?

Guest 1: First reservation: ……….. Change to: ………..

Guest 2: First reservation: ……….. Change to: ……….        

Guest 3: First reservation: ……….. Change to: ………..

Guest 4: First reservation: ……….. Change to: ………..

Guest 5: First reservation: ……….. Change to: ………..

English for Hotel – Taking Reservations Part 2

Theme: RESERVATION

FOCUS: DIALOGUE / SPEAKING

Task A

Directions: Read the following conversation between a hotel reservation clerk and a caller, and fill out the reservation form.

Clerk: Good morning. Sun Sand Sea Resort. May I help you?

Caller: Yes, I want to reserve a non-smoking room.

Clerk: Certainly, madam. When would you like to check in?

Caller: January 1st.

Clerk: How long will you be staying?

Caller: I‖ll be staying for three nights.

Clerk: How many people is the reservation for?

Caller: My friend and I.

Clerk: Would you like a room with a double bed or two single beds?

Caller: Two single beds, please.

Clerk: May I have your name and your surname, please?

Caller: Jane Brown.

Clerk: Could you tell me your phone number and email address?

Caller: Yes, it‖s 081-975-8823. My email address is janebrown@gmail.com.

Clerk: How will you be paying for the room?

Caller: By cash. I will make a payment when I check in.

Clerk: All right, Ms. Brown. Your reservation has been made for the 1st of January for a room with two single beds. Check-in is at 2 p.m.

Caller: That‖s right. Thank you.

Clerk:  Thank you, madam. We look forward to welcoming you on January 1st. Goodbye.

Caller: Goodbye.

SUN SAND SEA RESORT

Guest Name Contact: ………………..
Number Email Address: ………………..
Number of Guests: ………………..
Number of Rooms: ………………..
Room Types[…] single room
[…] double room
[…] twin room
[…] triple room
[…] junior suite
[…] suite
Arrival Date: ………………..
Departure Date: ……………….
Method of Payment[…] cash
[…] credit card
Special Requirement: ………………..
Employee’s signature: ………………..

TASK B

Directions: Read these statements and match to what hotel room or bed type each guest should ask for.

  • a twin room
  • a single room
  • a king room
  • an executive suite
  • a queen room
  1. Mr. Parker is traveling alone. He doesn’t need much space. ………            
  2. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson and their seven-year-old daughter Emily are checking into a room with one king-sized bed.  ………       
  3. Peter Smith plans to use his room for business meetings with important customers. ………
  4. Jacob Cooper is a big man. He needs a good night‖s sleep for an important meeting tomorrow. ………
  5. Daniel Greg‖s company wants him to save money by sharing a room with his colleague. ………

TASK C

Directions: Suppose you are at reception. Finish the following dialogue using the cues provided.

You: (1)  ……….. (Answer the phone politely.)

Caller: Good morning. I‖d like to make a reservation for February 6th, please.

You: (2) ……….  (Ask the caller how many people the reservation is for.)

Caller: My colleague and I.

You: (3) ………..  (Ask if the caller would like a room with a double bed or two single beds.)

Caller: Two single beds.

You: (4) ………..  (Say you have availability.)

Caller: How much does it cost for one night?

You: (5)  …………. (Tell the caller your best rate is 3,500 baht per night.)

Caller: Does that include breakfast?

You: (6)  ………… (Politely tell the caller that buffet breakfast is included in the room rate.)

Caller: OK. I‖ll take it.

You: (7) ………….  (Ask for caller‖s name and credit card details to confirm the reservation.)

Caller: It‖s Ellen Smith. My VISA card number is 2512 4568 2340 7901, expiry date 10/19.

You: (8) ………….  (Thank the caller and tell her you look forward to welcoming her on February 6th and end the conversation politely.)

Caller: Goodbye.

TASK D

Directions: Work in pairs. Read the following information and act out a dialogue.

Good View Resort Hotel Registration Form

Guest NameHenry Cooper
Phone081-954-6322
Room TypeNon-smoking twin room
Room Rate3200 per night
No. of GuestsTwo
Arrival DateMarch 2
Departure Date March 5

English for Hotel – Taking Reservations Part 1

TOPIC: RESERVATION

FOCUS: DIALOGUE / SPEAKING

TASK A

Directions: Read to the conversation between a hotel reservation clerk and a caller and then answer these questions. (HR = Hotel reservation clerk)

HR: Good morning, Grand Royal Hotel.

Caller: Hello, Could I speak to somebody in in Reservations, please?

HR: Speaking. How can I help you?

Caller: I would like to check availability. I need three rooms for two nights on November 22nd.

HR: Let me check, madam. Yes, we still availability.

Caller: What’s the best rate you can offer?

HR: I can offer you our promotional weekend rate of 3130 per room per night, bed and breakfast.

Caller: That sounds great. Please reserve three twin rooms for me.

HR: Of course, madam. Could you give me your name, please?

Caller: It’s White. Emma White.

HR: Is that W-H-I-T-E.

Caller: Yes, that’s right.

HR: Ms. White, could you give me a credit card number? I need it to guarantee the reservation.

Caller: Yes. It’s a Master card and the number is 7081 4101 5121 8854.

HR: I’ll just repeat that: 7081 4101 5121 8854.

Caller: That correct.

HR: Could you tell me the expiry date, please?

Caller: October 2018.

HR: Thank you, Ms. White. Your reservation number is GR263NY. We look forward to seeing you in November. Goodbye.

Caller: Goodbye.

Questions:

  1. When does the caller want to stay in the hotel?
  2. How much does the room cost for one night?
  3. Is the price for bed and breakfast or room only?
  4. Why does the hotel reservation clerk ask for a credit card number?
  5. When does the caller‖s credit card expire?

TASK B

Directions: Read to the conversation between a front desk clerk and a caller, and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Clerk: Novotel Cannes. May I help you?

Caller: I want to book a double room. We‖ll be in Cannes on February 18th, but I’m not sure how long we‖ll stay.

Clerk: Alright. But we can only confirm a room for you from the 18th to the 24th.  After that we’ll be fully booked.

Caller: Fully booked? Why’s that?

Clerk: The Cannes International Film Festival will be getting under way.

Caller: What if we want to stay past the 24th?

Clerk: I’m afraid we’ll be full. But we can always try to find another hotel for you.

Caller: Thanks. And could you tell me how much you charge per night?

Clerk: 250 euros for a double.

Caller: Does the room come with a complimentary breakfast?

Clerk: Yes, a free buffet breakfast is included in the room rate.

Caller: Alright. I want to make a reservation.

Clerk: May I ask who the booking is for, please?

Caller: Mr. and Mrs. Walker.

Clerk: And how can we contact you?

Caller: You can reach me at 0952-750-542.

Clerk: Very good, sir. We’re looking forward to your visit on February 18th, Mr. Walker.

Questions:

  1. ….. Mr. Walker is going to stay at the hotel on the 18th of February.
  2. ….. Mr. Walker would like double room.
  3. ….. The room costs 250 euros without a complimentary breakfast.
  4. ….. The hotel is fully booked from the 18th to the 24th because of the Cannes International Film Festival.
  5. ….. Mr. Walker is traveling alone.

TASK C

Directions: Read to the conversation between a front desk clerk and a caller, and then answer these questions.

Clerk: Singapore Grand Sheraton. How may I help you?

Caller: I want to book a suite from September 3rd to 7th.

Clerk:  We have one available, but the last night, you’ll have to change rooms.

Caller: The room is not for me. It’s for my boss, Mr. Wright.

Clerk: I see. But there’s going to be an IT conference in Singapore at that time.

Caller: What if Mr. Wright stays longer then?

Clerk: I’m afraid we‖re full for the rest of the month. But we can always find another hotel for him.

Caller: Thank you. How much is this going to cost?

Clerk: SG3 1,000 a night.

Caller: Wow! That’s a lot of money.

Clerk: Your boss will be well taken care of, sir.

Caller: Alright. I‖ll take it.

Clerk:  Could you please spell your boss’s last name?

Caller: Wright. W for Whiskey, R for Romeo, I for India, G for Golf, H for Hotel, and T for Tango.

Clerk:  Very good, sir. And how can we contact you?

Caller: You can reach me at 0921-377-564. The name is Taylor—George Taylor.

Clerk: Thank you very much, Mr. Taylor. We‖re looking forward to Mr. Wright’s visit.

Questions:

  1. When will Mr. Wright check in?
  2. Who books the room for Mr. Wright?
  3. Why is the Singapore Grand Sheraton fully booked?
  4. What problem is the customer facing?
  5. Why does the caller have to use the code for the customer‖s name?

Subject and Object Pronouns (Kata Ganti sebagai Subjek dan Objek)

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

Subject pronouns merupakan pronouns yang menjadi subjek dalam kalimat. Yang merupakan subject pronouns adalah: 

I, we, you, he, she, it, they

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:  

  • Muhammad continued to preach Islam in Medina. He worked with unmatched patience and great wisdom. (He  adalah subject pronoun. He  dalam kalimat merujuk pada Muhammad.) 
  • Islam contributes to world history. It also contributes to civilization and scientific development. (It  merupakan subject pronoun. It dalam kalimat mengacu pada  Islam.)

Exercise 1:

Underline the subject pronouns  then mention the reference of  them (italic word).  

  • In a news conference this afternoon, the university announced that it intends to make several important changes in next year’s budget. the university
  • I can’t understand the psychology of people who by nly name brands. writer
  1. The administration has decided to give more financial support to the average student. This week it indicated its intention to increase the number of scholarships based on need by 35 percent in the next year. …..
  2. Although Professor Elkins has recently been challenged by Associate Professor Talbot and Professor Thayer, she received the Golden Apple Awards for outstanding teaching for the fifth year in a row. …..
  3. A spokesman for the film company discussed the failure of the firm’s latest western epic with reporters. He stated that the company would probably lose more than 15 million dollars. …..
  4. Even though they have been in a more difficult position in recent years, small bankers continue to be able to influence the direction of development in their communities. …..
  5. If we talk about knowledge, we cannot forget Imam Jaffer as-Sadiq (A.S.) He (A.S.) was born on the 17th of Rabiul-ul-awwal 83 A.H. …..
  6. The student should be trained no to look the meaning of the words in the dictionary, but they should be able to guess the meaning from its context. …..
  7. The clues will help you to find their meanings, then you will better understand what you are reading. …..
  8. Marry was promoted to be the chief secretary of the manager of the company, whereas her colleage, Betty, was penalized. …..
  9. Although Mary was suprised when John glared at her, she wasnot distrubed by his angry look.
  10. She zoomed out of the house to buy the product that she saw on TV. …..

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Object pronouns merupakan pronoun yang menempati posisi objek dalam kalimat, apakah menjadi komplemen dari verb atau preposition. Object pronoun disebut juga dengan complement pronouns:

me, you, him, her, us, you, them, it

Perhatikan kalimat berikut: 

  • Some wise guy in the department stores tried to sell me shoes that were too small. 
  • The editor criticizes us that our book has many mistayping.

(Kata me dan us dalam kalimat-kalimat di atas merupakan object pronouns. Me merupakan objek dari sell dan us objek dari kata criticizes.)

Exercise 2:

Complete the following sentences by supplying appropriate object pronouns.

  • We wanted to distract    her    as much as possible, so she would spend her last days contentedly.
  • The doctor gives him  the first treatment immediately to Mr. Sunanto.
  1. The staff insists that everything possible be done for students to give ….. the opportunity they need.
  2. Troublemakers are not going to be done for students to give ….. to a few areas.
  3. Having invited ….., we must do all we can to treat our guests well.
  4. Memorizing a role is not as difficult as performing ….. .
  5. After capturing enemy soldier, we must treat ….. humanely.
  6. To give ….. his due, Juan has always been faithful to the people.
  7. While we have been able to identify child abuse, we are having difficulty in eradicating ….. .
  8. To prepare for examinations is only half the job; we also have the responsibility to pass ….. .
  9.  Elizabeth found herself facing all her problem honestly, but failing in her efforts to solve ….. .
  10. Her guest had stayed so late that my sister decided to invite ….. to have some breakfast.

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Kata Ganti dalam Bahasa Inggris (Pronouns)

PRONOUNS

Kata ganti (pronouns) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan kata benda (noun). Pronouns menjadikan kalimat lebih pendek dan mudah untuk diungkapkan. Ada beberapa bentuk pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitunya:  subject pronoun, object pronoun, possessive pronoun, possessive adjective, indefinite pronoun, dll. Perhatikan daftar berikut ini: 

Subject PronounsObject PronounsPossessive PronounsPossessive Adjectives
Imemy …mine
Youyouyour …yours 
We usour…ours
Theythemtheir … theirs
Sheher her…hers 
Hehim    his …his 
It   it its …its

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:       

The children found their game tiresome. It consisted of nothing more than repeating a few words over and over until they were memorized.

  • John and Sally worked hard together. He did they physical labor, and she did the clerical work. 

(Pada kalimat pertama, kata their dan they merupakan pronoun dari kata children, sementara kata it pronoun dari kata game.  Pada kalimat kedua, kata he merupakan pronoun dari John dan she pronoun dari Sally.)

Dari kedua contoh kalimat di atas terlihat bahwa pronoun merupakan kata ganti dari orang atau benda yang sudah disebutkan sebelumnya. Elemen yang digantikan tersebut dinamakan  antecedent (kata yang mendahului).   

Exercise 1:

Underline pronouns in the following sentences and circle their referent.

  • Larry worked so well that his boss promoted him. (Larry)
  • Teacher and parents agreed that they had the same interests. (Teacher and parents)
  1. Running is not a new sport. People were doing it hundred years ago.
  2. We can find a lot of bananas in the market. We can get them easily.
  3. I do not by cigarette for a long time. It can demage my lung.
  4. If you find words that you do not understand, write them on your book note.
  5. The ring is beautiful. That is not mine.
  6. I bought a dozen of books. They came from the store on 31st street.
  7. The dog chased the mouse and finally killed it.
  8. The painter prepared five brushes, and he finally got to use them.
  9. Joan and Audrey found they were working more harmoniously then they had expected.
  10. Zebras are prized for the beauty they display.

Nouns Derivation (Kata Benda Berimbuhan)

NOUNS DERIVATION 

Nouns derivation merujuk pada pada awalan (preffix)  dan akhiran (suffix) pada noun.  Imbuhan  ini membentuk abstract nouns.  Abstract noun merupakan kata yang menggambarkan kejadian, waktu, dan kualitas.  Abstract nouns dapat dibentuk dari adjectives, verbs or nouns.

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • All of information is set up on announcement board.
  • Most of teachers still need knowledge of education. 

(Kata information, announcement, teachers, dan eduaction dikelompokan pada kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja yaitu inform, announce, teach dan educate. Kata information merupakan pembentukan kata inform + ation.  Kata announcement merupakan pembentukan kata announce + ment. Sementara kata  teacher dari kata teach + er.  Sedangkan kata education dari kata educate + tion.  ).  

Berikut ini merupakan suffix yang terbentuk dari verb menjadi noun:

VerbSuffixNoun
advertise: mengiklankan -ment advertisement: iklan
expect: mengharap-ion, -tion, -ationexpectation: harapan
enter: memasuki –ance, – enceenterance: jalan masuk
complain: mengeluh –t complaint: keluhan
discover: menemukan -y  discovery: penemuan
direct: memimpin-er, -or, -ar, -ist, -ant, – ent, -eedirector: direktur
pack: membungkus –age, -al package: bungkusan
rob: merampok-ery, -aryrobbery: perampokan
please: menyenangkan-ure, -ture, -aturepleasure: kesenangan
build: membangun-ing building: bangunan

Ada beberapa abstract noun tanpa perubahan, seperti:

VerbNoun
call: memanggilcall: panggilan
change: menukar change: penukaran
drink: minumdrink: minuman
help: menolonghelp: pertolongan
hope: mengharaphope: harapan
play: bermainplay: mainan
work: bekerjawork: pekerjaan
walk: berjalanwalk: perjalanan

Exercise 1:

Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary.  Do as example.

NoVerbNounMeaning
1to analyzeanalysisanalisis
2to obligate…..…..
3to advise…..…..
4to add…..…..
5to err …..…..
6to suggest…..…..
7to economize…..…..
8to comprehend…..…..
9to apply…..…..
10to use …..…..
11to stop…..…..
12to believe…..…..
13to block…..…..
14to marry …..…..
15to bite…..…..
16to own …..…..
17to preside…..…..
18to assist…..…..
19to rent…..…..
20to propose…..…..
21to pass…..…..

Beberapa suffixes yang dibentuk dari adjectives menjadi nouns:

AdjectiveSuffixNoun
bad: buruk-nessbadness: keburukan
honest: jujur–y, -ty, -ityhonesty: kejujuran
efficient: efisien-ce, -cyefficiency: keefisienan
correct: baik-ioncorrection: perbaikan

 Terdapat beberapa irregular adjectives membentuk nouns: 

AdjectiveNoun
deep: dalamdepth: kedalaman
long: panjanglength: kepanjangan
proud: banggapride: kebanggaan
poor: miskinpoverty: kemiskinan
true: benartruth: kebenaran

Exercise 2:

Complete the following list and find the meaning of words in your dictionary. Do as example. 

NoAdjectiveNounMeaning
1 goodgoodnesskebaikan
2…..glory…..
3…..capability…..
4…..stability…..
5…..elegance…..
6…..absence…..
7…..freedom…..
8…..heat …..
9…..truth…..
10…..efficiency…..
11…..independence…..
12…..speed…..
13…..beauty…..
14…..safety…..
15…..activity…..

Berikut ini terdapat beberapa suffixes dari nouns yang juga merujuk pada nouns:

NounSuffixeNoun
friend: sahabat-shipfriendship: persahabatan
brother: saudara-hoodbrotherhood: persahabatan
book: buku-letbooklet: buku kecil
agent: wakil; agen-cy  agency: perwakilan
library: perpustakaan–an, -ian librarian: pustakawan

Exercise 3:

Complete the following list and find the meaning in your dictionary. Do as example. 

No.NounsNounsMeaning
1childchildhoodmasa kecil
2leader…..…..
3sponsor…..…..
4colony…..…..
5Indonesia…..…..
6Journal …..…..
7class…..…..
8history…..…..
9mother…..…..
10partner…..…..
11relation…..…..

Exercise 4:

The following list shows some of the more frequent prefixes, and indicates the typical meaning signaled by each prefix. Find the meaning of them. You may open your dictionary.

NoPrefixesNounsMeaning
1anti-antibody, anticlimaxantibodi, antiklimaks
2arch-arch-enemy, archbishopmusuh utama, uskup besar
3auto-autobiography, autograph….. …..
4bi-bicentenary, bilingualism….. …..
5bio- biochemistry, biomass….. …..
6co- co-chairman, co-founder….. …..
78counter-counteraction, counterclaim….. …..
9dis-disbelief, discomfort….. …..
10ex-ex-Marxism, ex-student….. …..
11fore-forefront, foreknowledge….. …..
12hyper-hyperinflation….. …..
13im-impatience….. …..
14in-inattention….. …..
15inter-interaction, intermarriage….. …..
16kilo-kilobyte, kilowatt….. …..
17mal- malfunction, malnutrition….. …..
18mega-megawatt, megastar….. …..
19mini-minibus, mini-publication….. …..
20mis-misconduct, mismatch….. …..
21mono-monopoly, monosyllable….. …..
22neo-neomarxist, neo-colonialism….. …..
23non-nonpayment, non-specialist….. …..
24out-outpatient, outbuilding….. …..
25poly-polysyllable, polytheism….. …..
26re-re-election, reorganization….. …..
27semi- semicircle, semi-darkness….. …..
28sub-subgroup, subset ….. …..
29super-superhero, supermarket….. …..
30tele-telephone, telescope….. …..
31tri-tricycle….. …..
32ultra-ultrasound….. …..
33under-underclass, underachievement….. …..
34vice-vice-chairman, vice-president….. …..

Sumber: Zulfahmi. M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Singular and Plural Noun (Kata Benda Tunggal dan Kata Benda Jamak)

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

Pelajari kalimat-kalimat berikut:

  • There are thirty students in the class.
  • There are many boxes we need do this.     
  • This college has a complete library. 

(Kata students merupakan student + s  bermakna ada lebih dari satu student di dalam kelas.  Kata boxes merupakan box + es bermakna lebih dari satu kotak yang dibutuhkan.  Penambahan s/es merupakan ciri khas plural nouns. Sementara kata library tanpa + s bermakna hanya ada satulibrary yang lengkap di kampus yang menyatakan singular nouns.)

Ada beberapa pengecualian tentang penambahan -s pada nouns  dalam pembentukan plural nouns:  

  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, dan –x tambahkan –es (contoh: bus-buses, brush-brushes, box-boxes)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran o diawali dengan huruf vokalmakaditambahkan dengan –s (contoh: radio-radios, patio-patios)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan –y maka berubah menjadi –ies (contoh: city-cities, country-countries), kecuali terdapat huruf vokal sebelumnya (a, e, i, o, u) ditambangkan –s (contoh: boy-boys, day-days, journey-journeys)
  • Nouns yang berakhiran dengan huruf –f maka akan berobah menjadi–ves (contoh: knife-knives, leaf-leaves, wife-wives)

Ada beberapa kata yang tidak mengikuti aturan di atas yang disebut dengan  Irregular Plurals, diantaranya adalah:  

Singular —> Plural

  • child —> children
  • foot —> feet
  • man —> men
  • woman —> women
  • person —> people
  • tooth —> teeth
  • goose —> geese
  • louse —> lice
  • mouse —> mice
  • ox —> oxen

Beberapa nouns lain selalu dalam bentuk plural: scissors, glasses, trousers, jeans, shorts, tights, pyjamas

Exercise 1: 

Change the following nouns into plural form. Use your dictionary for helping. Do as examples:

  • day : days
  • seaman : seamen_  
  1. chief : ……….
  2. attorney : ……….
  3. potato : ……….
  4. spoonful : ……….
  5. valley : ……….
  6. formula : ……….
  7. genus : ……….
  8. addendum : ……….
  9. knife : ……….
  10. laboratory : ……….
  11. vocabulary : ……….
  12. absence : ……….
  13. cupful : ……….
  14. babysitter : ……….
  15. crisis : ……….
  16. diagnosis : ……….
  17. synopsis : ……….
  18. library : ……….
  19. jones : ……….
  20. quota : ……….
  21. datum : ……….
  22. booth : ……….
  23. buzz : ……….
  24. axis : ……….
  25. locus : ……….
  26. sky : ……….
  27. echo : ……….
  28. preference : ……….
  29. life : ……….
  30. loaf : ……….
  31. matrix : ……….
  32. actuary : ……….
  33. basis : ……….
  34. neurosis : ……….
  35. parenthesis : ……….      
  36. privilege : ……….
  37. freshman : ……….
  38. analysis : ……….             
  39. thesis : ……….
  40. chassis : ……….
  41. quantum : ……….
  42. smith : ……….
  43. psychosis : ……….
  44. quantum : ……….
  45. symphony : ……….
  46. ax, axe  : ……….              
  47. secretary : ……….

Exercise 2:

Complete the following sentences by using plural nouns based on nouns in parentheses. Use your dictionary for helping.

  • Mrs. Jones has two   children.  (child)
  • A flock of   geese   just flew overhead. (goose)
  1. Three ………. scurried through the kitchen. (mouse)
  2. Mother cut the sandwich into two ………. . (half)
  3. The dental hygienist cleaned my ……….. (tooth)
  4. The ………. at the bus stop had umbrellas. (woman)
  5. Grandpa sharpened the ………. in the kitchen. (knife)
  6. Those ………. were making a lot of noise. (person)
  7. Mama bought two………. of bread. (loaf)
  8. The ………. were fixing the hole in the street. (man)
  9. I heard a pack of ……….  in the forest. (wolf)
  10. The farmer had a dozen ……….. (sheep)

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Countable and Countabe Nouns (Kata Benda Bisa Dihitung dan Tak Bisa Dihitung)

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable nouns mengacu pada sesuatu yang dapat dihitung baik dalam bentuk singular maupun plural Contoh countable noun adalah a cow, two cows, the student, chair, town, dan lain sebagainya.  Penggunaan article a, an, dan the sangat lazim digabungkan dengan countable noun.

Uncountable nouns mengacu pada sesuatu yang tidak bisa dihitung. Contoh uncountable nouns adalah  any steel, a glass of water, a galon of air, much sugar, dan lain sebagainya.  Penggunaan kata keterangan some, any, a lot of merupakan kata yang selalu digabungkan dengan uncountale noun. Kata keterangan lainnya pada uncountable noun berupa kata keterangan yang menunjukan ukuran volume, misalnya a cup of, a glass of, a kilo of, dan lain sebagainya.  

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • Repeating a new word doesn’t help you remember it for long.           
  • You can write five sentences with the word.  
  • We have spent much money to collect these books.  
  • I need a kilo of sugar to make a cake.            

(Kata word, sentences, cake merupakan kata countable nouns. Penggunaan  article a dan the merupakan ciri khas pada countable noun. Kata money dan sugar merupakan uncountable nouns. Penggunaan kata keterangan much, a kilo of merupakan ciri khas pada uncountable nouns)

Exercise 1: 

Decide the following nouns whether countable or uncountable nouns. Do as examples.

  • television : countable / uncountable
  • money : countable / uncountable
  1. news : countable / uncountable
  2. geography : countable / uncountable
  3. atmosphere : countable / uncountable   
  4. person : countable / uncountable
  5. water : countable / uncountable
  6. pencil : countable / uncountable
  7. food : countable / uncountable
  8. tooth : countable / uncountable
  9. soap : countable / uncountable
  10. soup : countable / uncountable
  11. hydrogen : countable / uncountable
  12. minute : countable / uncountable
  13. sand : countable / uncountable
  14. key : countable / uncountable
  15. money : countable / uncountable

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Mengenali Kata Benda (Nouns) dalam Kalimat

NOUNS

Nouns (kata benda) merupakan kata-kata yang mengacu pada person, place, object, feeling/idea, activity, atau quality. Noun berperan sebagai subject, object atau complement dalam kalimat.

Perhatikan kalimat berikut:

  • Many students study vocabulary by repeating the words.
  • Long-term memory is like a very big library with many books. 
  • A thing of a beauty is a joy forever.  
  • Islam is one of the major world religions.
  • You can also make a picture in your mind with the word.  

(Kata students mengacu pada person. Kata memory, library dan books mengacu pada object. Kata Islam mengacu pada feeling/idea. Sedangkan kata mind mengacu pada place)

Exercise 1:         

Underline nouns and mention whether they are place, object, feeling/idea, activity, or quality. Do as examples.

  • Thedentist check his patient tooth. ___person______
  • The sky seemed to be full of parachutes.   ____place______
  1. Geometry is the study of shapes and configuration. ___________________
  2. My neighbor drives a small car. ________________
  3. The car is old and parked in the yard. ________________
  4. Happiness is the best feeling. ___________________
  5. The boring speech lasted nearly one hour. ___________________
  6. Those pens belong to Anissa. _________________
  7. Is it time to go yet? ____________________
  8. The first mathematics textbooks were written in English in 1540. ___________________
  9. Love makes the world go round. ___________________
  10. Football is often a game of inches. ___________________

Beberapa nouns ditandai dengan penggunaan huruf kapital seperti  Holly Book, Public Library, Indonesia, Muhammad, dan Batusangkar yang disebut dengan proper nouns. Sementara kata-kata seperti  library, book, word, picture, and sentence disebut dengan common nouns kecuali diawal kalimat. Untuk membedakan antara proper nouns dengan common nouns, lakukan latihan dibawah ini.     

Exercise 2:

Complete the following sentences with correct form of nouns in parentheses. Do as examples.

  • Mama and I will go to the ___lake___  next month.   (lake or Lake)
  • Aunt Jo went to __Lake Placid___  for the weekend.   (lake placid, Lake placid or Lake Placid)
  1. We live near the ____________.   (city or City)
  2. My ___________ gave us a homework assignment.  (teacher or Teacher)
  3. Is __________________ a strict teacher?  (mr. brown, Mr. brown or Mr. Brown)
  4. My dog, _____________ likes to play fetch with a tennis ball.  (buster or Buster)
  5. At the zoo, we saw a gorilla named ______________.   (grumpy or Grumpy)
  6. Can we play with the _______________?   (kitten or Kitten)
  7. That girl lives on ___________________.   (adam street, Adam street, or Adam Street)
  8. Most of the houses on my _____________ are made of brick.   (street or Street)
  9. My birthday is next _____________.   (month or Month)
  10. Dad’s birthday is in _______________.   (january or January)

Sumber: Zulfahmi M, 2020, English Grammar and Reading: Materi dan Latihan untuk Bahasa Inggris Umum, CV. Kekata Group: Surakarta

Instruksi Berbahasa Inggris untuk Guru dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar

1. Language for Starting and Ending the Class

Beginning the Class

The first few minutes of class set the tone. I always use clear, consistent phrases to create structure and routine.

  • “Good morning, everyone! How are you today?”
  • “Let’s get started.”
  • “Can I have your attention, please?”
  • “Let’s review what we did last time.”

Tip from Experience:
I often add a quick warm-up question to engage students:
“Before we begin—what’s one thing you did this morning?” It gets them talking right away.

Wrapping Up the Class

Don’t let your lesson end with a scramble. Try phrases like:

  • “We’ve got five minutes left. Let’s review.”
  • “Any questions before we finish?”
  • “Your homework is on the board.”
  • “Great job today. See you on [day]!”

Pro Tip: Use a regular closing ritual like a “word of the day” or “exit question” to give students a reason to stay engaged right to the end.

2. Giving Instructions

This is where clarity is key. Use short, simple commands and check for understanding.

Basic Instruction Phrases:

  • “Take out your notebooks.”
  • “Please work in pairs/groups.”
  • “Raise your hand if you know.”
  • “Read the first paragraph silently.”
  • “Underline the main idea.”

Instruction Checking Questions (ICQs)

Instead of asking, “Do you understand?” (to which students often nod even if they don’t), ask:

  • “Are we working alone or in pairs?”
  • “What’s the first step?”
  • “How much time do you have?”

From my classroom:
When I started using ICQs regularly, I noticed fewer confused looks and fewer repeated instructions. It saves time in the long run.

3. Managing the Classroom

You don’t need to shout to keep control. Use calm, consistent phrases and body language.

Getting Attention:

  • “Eyes on me, please.”
  • “Let’s focus.”
  • “I’ll wait until everyone is ready.”
  • “Hands down, please.”

Classroom Rules and Reminders:

  • “Remember, one voice at a time.”
  • “Let’s show respect by listening.”
  • “That’s not okay. What should you do instead?”
  • “Try again, using kind words.”

Side Note:
One of my favorite approaches is to phrase corrections positively:
Instead of “Don’t talk,” say “Let’s listen quietly now.” It changes the mood instantly.

4. Encouraging Participation

Shy or unsure students often need a little nudge—and your language can make a big difference.

Inviting Responses:

  • “Would you like to share?”
  • “What do you think, [Name]?”
  • “Can anyone help us with this one?”
  • “That’s a good try—can someone add more?”

Reacting to Answers:

  • “Nice effort!”
  • “You’re close—look again at line three.”
  • “Exactly—great thinking.”
  • “Let’s hear another idea.”

Anecdote:
In one particularly quiet class, I started using the phrase, “There’s no wrong answer here, just learning,” and I saw participation jump. Students felt safe to speak, even if they weren’t sure.

5. Correcting Mistakes

Correcting without embarrassing students is an art. Here’s how to do it kindly and effectively.

Gentle Corrections:

  • “Almost—try ‘went’ instead of ‘goed.’”
  • “Let’s say that together correctly.”
  • “Hmm, not quite. Let’s look at the grammar.”

Encouraging Self-Correction:

  • “Can you try that again?
  • “Does that sound right?”
  • “Let’s think—what’s the past tense of ‘go’?”

Expert Insight:
According to Jim Scrivener (Learning Teaching, 3rd ed.), eliciting self-correction helps learners develop awareness—which is key to long-term accuracy.

6. Giving Feedback

Positive, specific feedback builds confidence. Skip vague praise like “Good job” and try:

Specific Praise:

  • “I like how you supported your answer with a reason.”
  • “That was a strong topic sentence.”
  • “Great teamwork—you took turns speaking.”

Constructive Feedback:

  • “This is a good start. Can you add more detail?”
  • “Nice vocabulary. Let’s work on the verb tense here.”

From experience:
I’ve seen students light up when I mention exactly what they did well. It helps them repeat the behavior next time.

7. Language for Transitions

Moving from one task to another smoothly keeps your class flowing.

Transition Phrases:

  • “Now, let’s move on to the next activity.”
  • “Time to switch.”
  • “We’re going to change gears.”
  • “Before we continue, let’s review.”

Use voice changes and hand signals, too. The more signals you give—visual, verbal, tonal—the smoother your transitions will be.

8. Handling Common Situations

Every teacher faces unexpected moments. Here’s the language I rely on when things don’t go to plan.

When Students Are Off Task:

  • “Let’s stay focused.”
  • “Is this helping you learn?”
  • “Let’s get back on track.”

 When a Student Is Absent:

  • “Can someone fill [Name] in on what we did?”
  • “We missed you yesterday—let’s catch up after class.”

When Technology Fails:

  • “Looks like we’re having a tech issue—Plan B!”
  • “No worries. Let’s switch to the textbook.”

Education

When Students Don’t Finish on Time:

  • “No problem. You can finish it for homework.”
  • “Let’s pause here and continue next time.”

9. Encouraging Language Learning in Class

Modeling is everything. When students hear you use natural, clear English repeatedly, they absorb it.

Use Repetition with Variety:

Say things like:

  • “Open your books to page 10.”
  • Then again: “Page 10, please—everyone ready?”

Use English Naturally:

Even when chatting:

  • “It’s chilly today, isn’t it?”
  • “Oh, I love that color! It really suits you.”

Encourage Student Talk:

  • “Try saying that in English.”
  • “Take a minute to discuss in pairs.”
  • “Can you explain your answer in your own words?”

10. Printable Reference: Quick Classroom Phrases List

Here’s a compact list you can print or keep handy:

Classroom Commands:

  • Sit down / Stand up
  • Take out your [book/pencil]
  • Listen carefully
  • Repeat after me
  • Work in pairs/groups
  • Stop talking, please

Instructions:

  • Open your book to page __
  • Read silently/aloud
  • Books & Literature
  • Write your answer in full sentences
  • Circle the correct word
  • Check your answers
  • Corrections & Feedback:
  • Try again
  • That’s close
  • Good effort
  • Let’s fix this together